GMAT語法考試中平行知識點整理
2022-01-13點擊量:111
平行知識點一、Parallelism:ConcreteNounsandActionNouns具體名詞與動作名詞我們第學過具體名詞與具體名詞平行,動作名詞與動作名詞平行。具體名詞(concretenouns)指事物、人物、地方、時間段以及特定的事件,如rock,continent,electron,politician,region,holiday,week。動作名詞(actionnouns)指動作,由動詞組成,如eruption,pollution,nomination,withdrawal,development,change,growth然而平行結構沒這么簡單,今天我們將學習更難的動名詞的平行,動名詞分為簡單動名詞和復雜動名詞簡單動名詞短語(Simplegerundphrases)在短語的開始沒有冠詞(a、an、the),如Trackingsatellitesaccuratelyisimportantforthespaceagency.復雜動名詞短語(Complexgerundphrases)短語的開始有冠詞,如Theaccuratetrackingofsatellitesisimportantforthespaceagency.在GMAT考試中,簡單動名詞不能與復雜動名詞平行,如下面的錯誤例子:IenjoyeddrinkingthewaterANDthewinetasting.Drinkingwater是簡單動名詞短語,而thewinetasting是復雜動名詞短語,所以錯誤。應該改為:IenjoyeddrinkingthewaterANDtastingthewine.此外,只有復雜動名詞短語能夠與動作名詞平行,如下面的錯誤句子Therebelsdemandedthewithdrawalofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregions,significantreductionsinoveralltrooplevels,raisingtherebelflagonholidays,ANDageneralpardon.Withdrawal、reductions、pardon都是動作名詞,而raising是簡單動名詞,所以不能是平行結構,應該改為:Therebelsdemandedthewithdrawalofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregions,significantreductionsinoveralltrooplevels,theraisingoftherebelflagonholidays,ANDageneralpardon.當然了,如果一個動詞有動作名詞的形式,就不要用復雜動名詞的形式,看下面的三個例句體會下Wrong:TherebelsdemandedthewithdrawalofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregionsANDreleasingcertainpoliticalprisoners.動作名詞與一般動名詞短語不平行,所以錯誤Wrong:TherebelsdemandedthewithdrawingofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregionsANDthereleasingofcertainpoliticalprisoners.兩個動名詞短語都有動作名詞形式,所以錯誤Right:TherebelsdemandedthewithdrawalofgovernmentforcesfromdisputedregionsANDthereleaseofcertainpoliticalprisoners.總之,名詞的平行一共有四種:具體名詞與具體名詞;動作名詞與動作名詞;動作名詞與復雜動名詞;簡單動名詞與簡單動名詞。大家要記住哦~二、AdjectivesandParticiples形容詞與分詞在一些情況下,形容詞可以與現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞平行(現(xiàn)在分詞是形容詞性,動名詞是名詞詞性,雖然他們寫法都以ing結尾,但大家不要弄混)過去分詞與形容詞平行:Amastodoncarcass,thawedonlyonceANDstillfresh,isondisplay.Thawed和fresh都修飾carcass,thawed是過去分詞,而fresh是形容詞,但他們是平行的,因為它們都起到形容詞的作用。形容詞與現(xiàn)在分詞平行:OnlyafewfeetwideBUTspanningacontinent,therailroadchangedhistory.形容詞wide與現(xiàn)在分詞跨越spanning都起到修飾theroad的作用,二者平行。...