GMAT考試語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理
2022-01-18點(diǎn)擊量:2084
GMAT的語(yǔ)法部分,也就是SentenceCorrection部分,因?yàn)樗谡麄(gè)verbal部分的地位最高,以至于很多同學(xué)在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候給予了它非常多的期待,甚至還有江湖流傳說:得語(yǔ)法者得GMAT考試。今天,我們就一起看看那些GMAT必考和?嫉闹R(shí)點(diǎn)。01、平行結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)頻率:20%難度系數(shù):2星平行結(jié)構(gòu)作為GMAT考試中最大考點(diǎn),在平常學(xué)習(xí)得時(shí)候相信大家也感受到了它無處不在的魅力,任何時(shí)候平行結(jié)構(gòu)都要求其前后平行的對(duì)象是語(yǔ)法功能相同的。NO.1andand是gmat考試必考的點(diǎn),即使不單獨(dú)設(shè)置題目也一定和其他考點(diǎn)組合著順帶考察。NO.2butBut在gmat語(yǔ)法考試中和and一樣考察平行的,所以看到but第一件事就是判斷其前后是否平行。NO.3both…andBoth…and搭配喜歡考察一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的搭配both…aswellas;同時(shí)both…and要求前后非常嚴(yán)格的平行,both后面有什么and后面就要求有同樣語(yǔ)法功能的對(duì)象。NO.4either…orEither…or的平行原則和both…and一致。NO.5notonly…butalsoNotonly…butalso這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中only可以替換成just,also可以省略。平行原則類似于both…and.接下來我們看一道例題,了解一下平行結(jié)構(gòu)的考法長(zhǎng)成什么樣。Drawingonherrootsinasocietythathasastrongtra-ditionofstory-tellingandoralrenditionsofthepast,IndianwriterSunitiNamjoshiincorporatesmanytypesoflitera-tureintoherwriting:includinghistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesfrombothIndianaswellasEuropeansources.A)writing:includinghistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesfrombothIndianaswellasB)writing:historicaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesfrombothIndianandC)writing:theseincludehistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesfrombothIndianandD)writing,whichincludeshistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesbothfromIndianaswellasE)writingthatincludeshistoricaltexts,legends,andevennurseryrhymesbothfromIndianand本題考察both…aswellas搭配錯(cuò)誤。以及both…and平行問題,根據(jù)這個(gè)點(diǎn)可以扔掉ADE。02、句子架構(gòu)出現(xiàn)頻率:60%難度系數(shù):3星句子架構(gòu)是基礎(chǔ)功底要求,理論上解決所有的題目都需要用到句子架構(gòu)的能力,所以這里我們把它的比例寫的非常高。但是句子架構(gòu)真正考察的時(shí)候,喜歡考察句子架構(gòu)完整性,而考察句子架構(gòu)完整的時(shí)候,只考察句子的謂語(yǔ)有沒有,選項(xiàng)差異點(diǎn)是謂語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,往往我們選擇謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Oftenvisibleassmog,ozoneisformedintheatmospherefromhydrocarbonsandnitrogenoxides,twomajorpollutantsemittedbyautomobiles,reactwithsunlight.A)ozoneisformedintheatmospherefromB)ozoneisformedintheatmospherewhenC)ozoneisformedintheatmosphere,andwhenD)ozone,formedintheatmospherewhenE)ozone,formedintheatmospherefrom本題考察句子架構(gòu):區(qū)分點(diǎn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,只有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以讓句子架構(gòu)完整,所以DE錯(cuò)誤。本題順便還考察了and前后平行問題,C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。03、比較結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)頻率:10%難度系數(shù):5星NO.1like&asLike表“像”是介詞,后面不可以接完整的句子。而as表“像”是連詞,后面可以接完整的句子,不可以直接接名詞。NO.2morethan/lessthan/as…as比較結(jié)構(gòu)最基本的考察是搭配,不可以出現(xiàn)的混搭一般有以下這些:more…as;as…than;more…comparedwith/comparedto/incomparisonto;more…ratherthan/insteadof;另外注意出現(xiàn)數(shù)字比如20cm或者2000years等后面不能接as…asNO.3助動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)出名詞比較的時(shí)候往往考察有沒有資格補(bǔ)出助動(dòng)詞,記住只有和作主語(yǔ)的名詞比較的名詞才有資格補(bǔ)出助動(dòng)詞。Carbon-14datingrevealsthatthemegalithicmonumentsinBrittanyarenearly2,000yearsasoldasanyoftheirsupposedMediterraneanpredecessors.A)asoldasanyoftheirsupposedB)olderthananyoftheirsupposedC)asoldastheirsupposedD)olderthananyoftheirsupposedlyE)asoldastheirsupposedly本題典型的未劃線出現(xiàn)數(shù)字2,000years,數(shù)字不可以和as…as原級(jí)搭配,所以ACE錯(cuò)誤。04、that從句出現(xiàn)頻率:12%難度系數(shù):3星NO.1that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,所以that和它所修飾的名詞不可以直接用逗號(hào)隔開,另外that一定要在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)。NO.2同位語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)抽象名詞需要一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句才可以把其內(nèi)容完全表達(dá)清楚。NO.3賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)研究表明,證據(jù)表明,理論認(rèn)為的都是事實(shí),事實(shí)必須是that引導(dǎo)的從句才可以表達(dá)清楚。05、代詞出現(xiàn)頻率:10%難度系數(shù):3星NO.1itIt為特指代詞,指代名詞及其修飾語(yǔ),所以考察it的時(shí)候常常喜歡和that一起考,而that僅僅指代名詞本身就可以。比如theweatherinBeijingisbetterthanthatinshanghai.這個(gè)代詞that指代weather,但是如果換成it則錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)閕t會(huì)指代theweatherinBeijing這個(gè)整體,就不合理了。NO.2they/them/theirGmat考察代詞they的時(shí)候喜歡考察,一個(gè)句子中同一個(gè)代詞指代不同的名詞錯(cuò)誤,比如前面看到一個(gè)they想指代a名詞,后面出現(xiàn)they或者them/their想要指代名詞b錯(cuò)誤。當(dāng)然也會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單考察代詞單復(fù)數(shù)是否正確。NO.3thisGmat考試中this只考察一個(gè)點(diǎn):就是不要裸奔,不要試圖用this指代一句話,它做不到,this要正確,必須是thiscar或者thiscase之類的場(chǎng)景。Likeanystarofsimilarmasswoulddo,oncetheSunhasexhaustedthehydrogeninitscore,itexpandsintoaredgiant,eventuallyejectingitsouterenvelopeofgasestobe-comeawhitedwarf.A)Likeanystarofsimilarmasswoulddo,oncetheSunhasexhaustedthehydrogeninitscore,itexpandsintoaredgiant,eventuallyejectingB)Likeanystarofsimilarmass,oncethehydrogenintheSun'scoreisexhausted,thenitexpandsintoaredgiantandeventuallyejectsC)Asinthecaseofanystarofsimilarmass,oncethehydrogenintheSun'scoreisexhausted,itwillexpandintoaredgiant,andeventuallyejectingD)Asanystarofsimilarmasswould,oncethehydrogenintheSun'scoreisexhausteditwillexpandintoaredgiantandwilleventuallyejectE)Aswouldbethecasewithanystarofsimilarmass,oncetheSunexhauststhehydrogeninitscore,itwillexpandintoaredgiantandeventuallyeject本題首先涉及了like和as考點(diǎn),同時(shí)涉及了代詞it考點(diǎn),根據(jù)like和as考點(diǎn)可以干掉ABCD。根據(jù)it考點(diǎn)可以干掉BCD。06、主謂一致出現(xiàn)頻率:8%難度系數(shù):2星NO.1主語(yǔ)有很長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)一般主謂一致的考題,都是考察我們能不能找到核心的主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí),所以往往給名詞跟很長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ),梳理清楚之后,主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)是比較容易判斷的。NO.2倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)往往也是考察主謂一致,記住,如果你在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面沒有找到主語(yǔ),一定碰到了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的真主是緊跟謂語(yǔ)之后的名詞。OutofAmerica’sfascinationwithallthingsantiquehavegrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatarebringingbackthechaiselounge,theover-stuffedsofa,andtheclaw-footedbathtub.A)thingsantiquehavegrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatarebringingB)thingsantiquehasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatisbringingC)thingsthatareantiqueshasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatbringD)antiquethingshavegrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatarebringingE)antiquethingshasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatbring本題出現(xiàn)了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)是amarket,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能使用單數(shù)形式hasgrown,所以選項(xiàng)AD錯(cuò)誤。07、時(shí)態(tài)出現(xiàn)頻率:7%難度系數(shù):4星時(shí)態(tài)永遠(yuǎn)是為了傳遞不同的時(shí)間概念,所以不要強(qiáng)求所有時(shí)態(tài)一致,因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)就是為了服務(wù)不同的表達(dá)含義,并不是為了全世界長(zhǎng)的一樣。所以根據(jù)場(chǎng)景判斷這里動(dòng)詞是怎樣的時(shí)間概念,然后根據(jù)時(shí)間概念來確定動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。Althoughasurgeinretailsaleshaveraisedhopesthatthereisarecoveryfinallyunderway,manyeconomistssaythatwithoutalargeamountofspendingtherecoverymightnotlast.A)haveraisedhopesthatthereisarecoveryfinallyB)raisedhopesfortherebeingarecoveryfinallyC)hadraisedhopesforarecoveryfinallybeingD)hasraisedhopesthatarecoveryisfinallyE)raisedhopesforarecoveryfinally本題考察時(shí)態(tài),句子本身沒有明確的時(shí)間概念,通過主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致原則來判斷。主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),從句使用屬于現(xiàn)在范疇的時(shí)態(tài)比較合適,所以BCE錯(cuò)誤。08、邏輯主語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)頻率:6%難度系數(shù):3星邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是doing或者done放到句首,要求句子的主語(yǔ)是doing或者done的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者或者接受者。Spanningmorethan50years,FriedrichMu虉llerbeganhiscareerinanunpromisingapprenticeshipasaSanskritscholarandculminatedinvirtuallyeveryhonorthatEuropeangovernmentsandlearnedsocietiescouldbestow.A)Mu虉llerbeganhiscareerinanunpromisingapprenticeshipasB)Mu虉ller’scareerbeganinanunpromisingapprenticeshipasC)Mu虉ller’scareerbeganwiththeunpromisingapprenticeshipofbeingD)Mu虉llerhadbegunhiscareerwiththeunpromisingapprenticeshipofbeingE)thecareerofMu虉llerhasbegunwithanunpromisingapprenticeshipof本題是典型的給出doing結(jié)果,考察邏輯主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)更加合適。這里spanning表示跨度和范圍,邏輯主語(yǔ)是career比較合適,所以AD錯(cuò)誤。09、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)頻率:5%難度系數(shù):4星非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞這里最喜歡考察的是SVO,doing.的結(jié)構(gòu)中,首先doing不可以跨過逗號(hào)就近修飾名詞,doing可以作主語(yǔ)的伴隨狀語(yǔ),也可以作整句話的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。ThecamerasoftheVoyagerIIspacecraftdetectedsixsmall,previouslyunseenmoonscirclingUranus,whichdoublestotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknownasorbitingthedistantplanet.(A)whichdoublestotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknownasorbiting(B)doublingtotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknowntoorbit(C)whichdoublestotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknowninorbitaround(D)doublingtotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknownasorbiting(E)whichdoublestotwelvethenumberofsatellitesnowknownthatorbit這道題目選項(xiàng)的第一個(gè)差異點(diǎn)就是在考察:結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)VS定語(yǔ)從句,前面整件事發(fā)生導(dǎo)致了后面的結(jié)果,應(yīng)該適用which指代前面一整句話還是doing作為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),在gmat考試中which不可以指代一整句話,所以ACE錯(cuò)誤。...