GMAT語法考試中平行知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理

平行知識(shí)點(diǎn)

一、Parallelism: Concrete Nouns and Action Nouns具體名詞與動(dòng)作名詞

      我們第學(xué)過具體名詞與具體名詞平行，動(dòng)作名詞與動(dòng)作名詞平行。

      具體名詞（concrete nouns）指事物、人物、地方、時(shí)間段以及特定的事件，如rock, continent, electron, politician, region, holiday, week。

      動(dòng)作名詞（action nouns）指動(dòng)作，由動(dòng)詞組成，如eruption, pollution, nomination, withdrawal, development, change, growth

      然而平行結(jié)構(gòu)沒這么簡(jiǎn)單，今天我們將學(xué)習(xí)更難的動(dòng)名詞的平行，動(dòng)名詞分為簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞和復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞

      簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞短語（Simple gerund phrases）在短語的開始沒有冠詞（a、an、the），如Tracking satellites accurately is important for the space agency.

      復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞短語（Complex gerund phrases）短語的開始有冠詞，如The accurate tracking of satellites is important for the space agency.

      在GMAT考試中，簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞不能與復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞平行，如下面的錯(cuò)誤例子：I enjoyed drinking the water AND the wine tasting. Drinking water是簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞短語，而the wine tasting是復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞短語，所以錯(cuò)誤。

      應(yīng)該改為：I enjoyed drinking the water AND tasting the wine.

      此外，只有復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞短語能夠與動(dòng)作名詞平行，如下面的錯(cuò)誤句子The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, raising the rebel flagon holidays, AND a general pardon.

      Withdrawal、reductions、pardon都是動(dòng)作名詞，而raising是簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞，所以不能是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該改為：The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, the raising of the rebel flag on holidays, AND a general pardon.

      當(dāng)然了，如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)作名詞的形式，就不要用復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞的形式，看下面的三個(gè)例句體會(huì)下

      Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND releasing certain political prisoners. 動(dòng)作名詞與一般動(dòng)名詞短語不平行，所以錯(cuò)誤

      Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawing of government forces from disputed regions AND the releasing of certain political prisoners. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語都有動(dòng)作名詞形式，所以錯(cuò)誤

      Right: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND the release of certain political prisoners.

      總之，名詞的平行一共有四種：具體名詞與具體名詞；動(dòng)作名詞與動(dòng)作名詞；動(dòng)作名詞與復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞；簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞與簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)名詞。大家要記住哦~

二、Adjectives and Participles形容詞與分詞

      在一些情況下，形容詞可以與現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞平行（現(xiàn)在分詞是形容詞性，動(dòng)名詞是名詞詞性，雖然他們寫法都以ing結(jié)尾，但大家不要弄混）

      過去分詞與形容詞平行：A mastodon carcass, thawed only once AND still fresh, is on display.

      Thawed和fresh都修飾carcass，thawed是過去分詞，而fresh是形容詞，但他們是平行的，因?yàn)樗鼈兌计鸬叫稳菰~的作用。

      形容詞與現(xiàn)在分詞平行：Only a few feet wide BUT spanning a continent, the railroad changed history.形容詞wide與現(xiàn)在分詞跨越spanning都起到修飾the road的作用，二者平行。

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